Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the scope of his car business, and he took control of the usb ports.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses as well as led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from businesses he had acquired through the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the spreading of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for that life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such because air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its size, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared inside Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the business's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers within 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by a North American slump in demand for imported cars during 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further just one million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment this senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied rules at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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