Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand this scope of his vehicle business, and he took control than it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from businesses he had acquired through the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the growth of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for that life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such seeing that air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the actual creditors were paid 100 %, there was still several. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
Prototypen des Borgward BX7 auf dem Bremer Marktplatz Bremen
Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared within Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the businesses demise. The widest range involving cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump in demand for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment your senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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