Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the place in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the scope of his auto business, and he took control from it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from businesses he had acquired through the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for your life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such since air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its dimension, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the actual creditors were paid in full, there was still 4. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared in Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the firm's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover of only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers inside 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by a North American slump in demand for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further 1 million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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