Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the scope of his car business, and he took control of computer.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and also led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in the past to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production to the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such since air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimensions, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after your creditors were paid completely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared inside Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range involving cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers within 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump in demand for imported cars while in 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment your senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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