Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the company's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand your scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of computer.
The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over time to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for that life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such as air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and also kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic price reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the actual creditors were paid entirely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared in Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the firm's demise. The widest range of cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television studies. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers in 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump widely used for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further just one million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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