Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the place in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the scope of his auto business, and he took control of it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from firms he had acquired over the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the spreading of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for that life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such since air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its dimension, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the actual creditors were paid in full, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared with Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range of cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television reports. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers inside 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump in demand for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further a single million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment your senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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