Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the company's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the scope of his automotive business, and he took control from it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and also led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from firms he had acquired in recent times to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such since air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its size, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the particular creditors were paid fully, there was still 4. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared in Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the business's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump in demand for imported cars while in 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied law at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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