Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand this scope of his auto business, and he took control from it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses along with led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the spreading of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such as air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after this creditors were paid completely, there was still four. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared with Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reports. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers with 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit with a North American slump widely used for imported cars while in 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one particular million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied rules at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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