Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the business's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the particular scope of his car business, and he took control from it.
, cars, types, Borgward Hansa 1500 station wagon, 1949, car
The first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses in addition to led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in the past to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production to the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such because air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its measurement, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the particular creditors were paid in full, there was still 5. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the company's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reports. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers with 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit with a North American slump in demand for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further one particular million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
it gets 51 % of the company shares, Carl Borgward refuses the offer
On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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