Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his auto business, and he took control than it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from businesses he had acquired through the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation did not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production to the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such while air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its sizing, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after your creditors were paid completely, there was still some. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared in Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television stories. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers within 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of North American slump successful for imported cars while in 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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