Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the business's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the place in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his vehicle business, and he took control than it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses in addition to led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from companies he had acquired over the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation would not come naturally the growth of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production to the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such because air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still some. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared within Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television studies. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers with 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump widely used for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further just one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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