Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the business's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the scope of his automobile business, and he took control than it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and also led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from corporations he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the expansion of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such as air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its dimension, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after this creditors were paid entirely, there was still 5. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared with Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the business's demise. The widest range of cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reports. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers inside 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump popular for imported cars through 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further just one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment your senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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