Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand your scope of his automotive business, and he took control than it.
The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and also led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation would not come naturally the expansion of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such while air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale and kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic price reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared within Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the business's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reports. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers in 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by a North American slump popular for imported cars while in 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further just one million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment this senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied rules at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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