Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the business's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the business in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his automotive business, and he took control from it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses along with led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from corporations he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the expansion of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for your life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such while air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale along with kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its measurement, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the creditors were paid entirely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared within Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the business's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers in 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump popular for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further just one million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment this senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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