Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the actual scope of his car business, and he took control than it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses as well as led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in the past to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production to the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such while air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimension, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the actual creditors were paid completely, there was still some. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared with Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers with 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump successful for imported cars while in 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment your senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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