Posted on Wednesday, September 28, 2016
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Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the place in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand this scope of his auto business, and he took control of computer.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from firms he had acquired in the past to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the growth of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such since air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies including Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale along with kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its measurement, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the actual creditors were paid completely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared with Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers inside 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump widely used for imported cars during 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further a single million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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