Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the particular scope of his automobile business, and he took control of computer.
The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses along with led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in recent times to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production with the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such while air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the particular creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared inside Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover of only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers within 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by a North American slump successful for imported cars through 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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