Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the company's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand your scope of his automotive business, and he took control of computer.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses as well as led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in recent times to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the expansion of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for your life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such because air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its measurement, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid completely, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television stories. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump popular for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further a single million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment this senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied law at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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