Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the company's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand your scope of his auto business, and he took control than it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses in addition to led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in the past to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation would not come naturally the expansion of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production with the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such while air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its measurement, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after your creditors were paid fully, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared in Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the businesses demise. The widest range associated with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television studies. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump sought after for imported cars during 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further just one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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