Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the business in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his auto business, and he took control of the usb ports.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses along with led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from companies he had acquired in recent times to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such while air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimension, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the particular creditors were paid 100 %, there was still four. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared with Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the firm's demise. The widest range of cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers within 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by the North American slump successful for imported cars through 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further a single million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment your senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied law at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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