Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his automobile business, and he took control than it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses along with led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from firms he had acquired in recent times to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation would not come naturally the expansion of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such because air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its measurement, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the particular creditors were paid completely, there was still four. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared inside Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the business's demise. The widest range involving cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by a North American slump successful for imported cars through 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further just one million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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