Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his auto business, and he took control of computer.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from businesses he had acquired in recent times to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the spreading of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such since air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimensions, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the particular creditors were paid fully, there was still four. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared with Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range involving cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover of only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television studies. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by a North American slump in demand for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied law at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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