Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the actual scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses in addition to led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from businesses he had acquired through the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the growth of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which finally proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production to the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such while air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the actual creditors were paid completely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared in Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the business's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers within 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by the North American slump in demand for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further 1 million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment your senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied rules at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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