Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the company's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his automotive business, and he took control of computer.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses in addition to led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from organizations he had acquired over the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such while air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its size, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the actual creditors were paid 100 %, there was still four. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared in Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the firm's demise. The widest range involving cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television stories. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers with 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by a North American slump sought after for imported cars while in 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further just one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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