Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the scope of his auto business, and he took control from it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses along with led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from corporations he had acquired in the past to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production with the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimension, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the actual creditors were paid fully, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared within Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the businesses demise. The widest range involving cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by a North American slump sought after for imported cars while in 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one particular million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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