Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the business's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand your scope of his automobile business, and he took control of computer.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses as well as led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from companies he had acquired over time to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation would not come naturally the growth of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production to the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such as air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and also kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its measurement, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the creditors were paid in full, there was still four. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared inside Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the firm's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reports. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers with 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of North American slump popular for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment your senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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