Posted on Wednesday, September 28, 2016
by Unknown
Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his automobile business, and he took control of it.
The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses in addition to led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from firms he had acquired in recent times to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such as air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale and also kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its size, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after your creditors were paid fully, there was still several. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared with Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the firm's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers inside 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit with a North American slump widely used for imported cars through 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further just one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment your senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied law at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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