Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand this scope of his auto business, and he took control than it.
The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses in addition to led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from businesses he had acquired over the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the expansion of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production with the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such since air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its size, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the creditors were paid entirely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared in Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the business's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers with 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump sought after for imported cars during 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further just one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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