Posted on Wednesday, September 14, 2016
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Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the company's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the actual scope of his automobile business, and he took control of it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses in addition to led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over time to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production to the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such while air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after your creditors were paid in full, there was still four. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the businesses demise. The widest range involving cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television stories. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump popular for imported cars through 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further a single million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment your senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied law at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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