Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand your scope of his automotive business, and he took control of it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and also led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from firms he had acquired in the past to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such because air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale and also kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimensions, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid completely, there was still four. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the business's demise. The widest range of cars from any company in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers within 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit with a North American slump in demand for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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