Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the company's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand your scope of his automotive business, and he took control than it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and also led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from firms he had acquired in the past to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the proliferation of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for that life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such as air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after your creditors were paid fully, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared in Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the businesses demise. The widest range regarding cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover of only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of North American slump sought after for imported cars while in 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment your senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied rules at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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