Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the actual scope of his automotive business, and he took control from it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses in addition to led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from firms he had acquired through the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production to the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such as air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its measurement, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the particular creditors were paid in full, there was still 5. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared in Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the business's demise. The widest range of cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television studies. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers in 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by the North American slump sought after for imported cars through 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one particular million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment your senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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