Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the business's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the scope of his automotive business, and he took control than it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the even now three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and also led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from organizations he had acquired over time to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such while air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies including Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale along with kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its size, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after your creditors were paid completely, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the business's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover of only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers with 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump in demand for imported cars during 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one particular million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment this senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied law at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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