Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the place in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand this scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of it.
Special cars: Borgward Isabella Combi
The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses in addition to led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from businesses he had acquired over time to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for that life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such because air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its measurement, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid completely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the firm's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover of only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television stories. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump sought after for imported cars through 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further 1 million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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