Posted on Wednesday, September 28, 2016
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Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the scope of his vehicle business, and he took control from it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses along with led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from firms he had acquired through the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for that life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such because air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimension, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after your creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared in Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television studies. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers inside 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit with a North American slump sought after for imported cars through 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further 1 million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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