Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the company's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand your scope of his automotive business, and he took control from it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses as well as led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from corporations he had acquired in the past to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the spreading of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production to the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such because air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimension, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after your creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared within Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the businesses demise. The widest range of cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television studies. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers within 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump widely used for imported cars through 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment your senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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