Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the actual scope of his automotive business, and he took control than it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from businesses he had acquired in recent times to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production with the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such while air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies including Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its size, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the particular creditors were paid entirely, there was still several. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared in Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the business's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by a North American slump popular for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one particular million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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