Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the business's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his automotive business, and he took control of the usb ports.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses along with led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over time to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such because air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after your creditors were paid entirely, there was still four. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared inside Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range of cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television studies. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump popular for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further just one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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