Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the company's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand your scope of his automobile business, and he took control of it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses as well as led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from companies he had acquired in the past to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation would not come naturally the expansion of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production to the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such seeing that air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale along with kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its measurement, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the creditors were paid fully, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared in Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the firm's demise. The widest range of cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television stories. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump sought after for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further one particular million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied law at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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