Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his automobile business, and he took control than it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and also led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from corporations he had acquired through the years to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the spreading of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for your life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such since air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale and also kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimension, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the creditors were paid completely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range involving cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers with 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of North American slump sought after for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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