Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of the usb ports.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from corporations he had acquired through the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation did not come naturally the spreading of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such since air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its dimension, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the actual creditors were paid entirely, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared within Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the business's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers in 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump widely used for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further a single million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment your senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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