Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the particular scope of his automobile business, and he took control of it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from firms he had acquired over time to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the spreading of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production to the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such seeing that air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimension, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid completely, there was still four. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared inside Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the company's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television studies. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by a North American slump successful for imported cars during 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment this senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied law at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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