Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the company's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand this scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses in addition to led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from firms he had acquired in recent times to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for that life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such since air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and also kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimensions, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the actual creditors were paid completely, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the businesses demise. The widest range of cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reports. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers with 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit with a North American slump in demand for imported cars through 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further 1 million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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