Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses in addition to led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in the past to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the spreading of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which finally proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for your life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such seeing that air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its measurement, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after your creditors were paid fully, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared inside Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the businesses demise. The widest range involving cars from any company in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television studies. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers in 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump widely used for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one particular million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment this senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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