Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the business in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the scope of his car business, and he took control of it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such because air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the actual creditors were paid fully, there was still some. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared in Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the businesses demise. The widest range associated with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers inside 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by the North American slump widely used for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further 1 million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment your senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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